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--- charter_of_the_forest_1225 [2018/01/01 15:18] – villagei_admin
+++ charter_of_the_forest_1225 [2018/01/01 16:34] (current) – villagei_admin
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+[[england_history_hub|England]] >> [[plantagenet_england|Plantagenet]]\\
 ======Charter of the Forest - 1225======
 Reissue, with minor amends, of **carta de foresta**, 6 November 1217.\\
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 CAP. 8.\\
 When Swanimotes shall be kept, and who shall repair to them.\\
-No swanimote((a court held before foresters, verderers, and other forest officers to try offenses against vert and venison and to hear grievances against forest officers.)) from henceforth shall be kept within this our realm, but thrice in the year; namely, the beginning of the fifteen days afore Michaelmas((Feast of St Michael, 29 September.)), when that our gest-takers, or walkers of our woods, come together to take agestment((an accumulation)) in our demesne woods; and about the feast of St Martin((Feast day of Saint Martin of Tours (Martin le Miséricordieux) 11 November.))when that our gest-takers shall receive our pawnage; and to these two swanimotes shall come together our foresters, verders, gest-takers, and none other, by distress; and the third swanimote shall be kept in the beginning of the fifteen days before the feast of St John Baptist [when our gest-takers do meet to hunt our deer;] and at this Swanimote shall meet our foresters, verders, and none other, by distress. Moreover, every forty days through the year our foresters and verders meet to see the attachments of the forest, as well as for Greenhue, as for hunting, by the presentment of the same foresters, and before then attached. And the said Swanimotes shall not be kept but within the counties in which they have used to be kept.\\
+No swanimote((a court held before foresters, verderers, and other forest officers to try offenses against vert and venison and to hear grievances against forest officers.)) from henceforth shall be kept within this our realm, but thrice in the year; namely, the beginning of the fifteen days afore Michaelmas((Feast of St Michael, 29 September.)), when that our gest-takers, or walkers of our woods, come together to take agestment((an accumulation)) in our demesne woods; and about the feast of St Martin((Feast day of Saint Martin of Tours (Martin le Miséricordieux) 11 November.))when that our gest-takers shall receive our pawnage((an act of pawning)); and to these two swanimotes shall come together our foresters, verders, gest-takers, and none other, by distress; and the third swanimote shall be kept in the beginning of the fifteen days before the feast of St John Baptist((Nativity of Saint John the Baptist 24 June.)), when that our gest-takers do meet to hunt our deer; and at this Swanimote shall meet our foresters, verders, and none other, by distress. Moreover, every forty days through the year our foresters and verders meet to see the attachments of the forest, as well as for Greenhue, as for hunting, by the presentment of the same foresters, and before then attached. And the said Swanimotes shall not be kept but within the counties in which they have used to be kept.\\
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 CAP. 9.\\
 Who may take Agistment and Pawnage in Forests.\\
-Every freeman may agest his own wood within our forest at his pleasure, and shall take his pawnage. Also we do grant, that every freeman may drive his swine freely without impediment through our demesne woods, for to agest them in their own woods, or else where they will. And if the swine of any freeman lie one night within our forest, there shall be no occasion taken thereof, whereby he may lose anything of his own.\\
+Every freeman may agest((take in and feed livestock for payment)) his own wood within our forest at his pleasure, and shall take his pawnage. Also we do grant, that every freeman may drive his swine freely without impediment through our demesne woods, for to agest them in their own woods, or else where they will. And if the swine of any freeman lie one night within our forest, there shall be no occasion taken thereof, whereby he may lose anything of his own.\\
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 CAP. 10.\\
 Punishment for killing the Kiing's Deer.\\
-No man from henceforth shall lose either life or member for the killing of our deer; but if any man be taken and convited for the taking of our venison, he shall make a grievous fie, if he has anything whereof; and if he has nothing to lose, he shall be imprisoned a year and a day; and after the year and day expired, if he can find sufficient sureties, he shall be delivered; and if not, he shall abjure the realm of England.\\
+No man from henceforth shall lose either life or member for the killing of our deer; but if any man be taken and convited for the taking of our venison, he shall make a grievous fie, if he has anything whereof; and if he has nothing to lose, he shall be imprisoned a year and a day; and after the year and day expired, if he can find sufficient sureties, he shall be delivered; and if not, he shall abjure((solemnly renounce)) the realm of England.\\
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 CAP. 11.\\
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 CAP. 12.\\
 How a Freeman may use his Land in the Forest.\\
-Every freeman from henceforth, without danger shall make in his own wood, or on his land, or on his water, which he has within our forest, mills, springs, pools, marlpits, dykes, or earable ground, without enclosing that earable ground, so that it be not to the annoyance of any of his neighbours.\\
+Every freeman from henceforth, without danger shall make in his own wood, or on his land, or on his water, which he has within our forest, mills, springs, pools, marlpits, dykes, or earable ground, without enclosing that earable((arable, tillable)) ground, so that it be not to the annoyance of any of his neighbours.\\
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 CAP. 13.\\
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 CAP. 14.\\
 Who may take Chimmage or Toll in a Forest, for what Cause, and how much.\\
-No forester from henceforth, which is not forester in fee, paying to us farm for his bailiwick, shall take any chimmage or toll within bailiwick; but a forester in fee, paying us farm for his bailiwick, shall take chimmage; that is to say, for carriage by cart the half-year 2 pence, and for another half-year 2 pence, for an horse that beareth loads, every half-year, an half-penny, and by another half-year half a penny; and but of those only that come as merchants through his bailiwick by licence to buy bushes, timber, bark, coal and to sell it again at their pleasure; but for none other carriage by cart chimmage shall be taken; nor chimmage shall not be taken, but in such places only where it used to be. Those which bear upon their backs brushment, bark, or coal to sell, though it be their living, shall pay no chimmage to our foresters, except they take it within our demesne woods.\\
+No forester from henceforth, which is not forester in fee, paying to us farm for his bailiwick, shall take any chimmage or toll within bailiwick; but a forester in fee, paying us farm for his bailiwick((the district or jurisdiction of a bailie or bailiff.)), shall take chimmage; that is to say, for carriage by cart the half-year 2 pence, and for another half-year 2 pence, for an horse that beareth loads, every half-year, an half-penny, and by another half-year half a penny; and but of those only that come as merchants through his bailiwick by licence to buy bushes, timber, bark, coal and to sell it again at their pleasure; but for none other carriage by cart chimmage shall be taken; nor chimmage shall not be taken, but in such places only where it used to be. Those which bear upon their backs brushment, bark, or coal to sell, though it be their living, shall pay no chimmage to our foresters, except they take it within our demesne woods.\\
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 CAP. 15.\\
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 Witness Edward our son at Westminster the 12th day of October in the 25th year of our reign.\\
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+On 6 November 2017, on the 800th anniversary of the 1217 Charter of the Forest, the new [[https://treecharter.uk/|Charter for Trees, Woods and People]] was launched at Lincoln Castle – home to one of the two remaining 1217 Charters of the Forest. It now rests in the Lincolnshire Archives.
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+PDF: [[https://treecharter.uk/pdf/Charter-for-Trees%2CWoods-and-People.pdf|Charter for Trees, Woods and People]]\\
+{{ ::charter-for-trees_woods-and-people_page_2.png?nolink |}}\\
+Designed, written out and painted by Patricia Lovett MBE, 2017\\
+© 2017 Charter for Trees, Woods and People  -  © The Woodland Trust\\
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