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        <title>Village Idiot's Guide to History</title>
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        <description>England &gt;&gt; Plantagenet



Simon De Montfort

A French born noble, and progenitor of parliamentary democracy...






The sworn confederation of seven barons - April 1258

“We, Richard of Clare, earl of Gloucester and Hertford; Roger Bigod, earl marshal and earl of Norfolk; Simon de Montfort, earl of Leicester; Peter of Savoy; Hugh Bigod; John fitz Geoffrey; and Peter of Montfort make known to all people that we have sworn on the holy gospels, and are held together by this oath, and we promise in…</description>
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        <description>England &gt;&gt; Plantagenet &gt;&gt; First Barons' War

The Great Charter

Magna Carta - 15 June 1215

JOHN, by the grace of God King of England, Lord of Ireland, Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, and Count of Anjou, to his archbishops, bishops, abbots, earls, barons, justices, foresters, sheriffs, stewards, servants, and to all his officials and loyal subjects, Greeting.</description>
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        <title>internal_links</title>
        <link>http://villageidiotsguideto.com/history/doku.php?id=internal_links&amp;rev=1575831730&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Useful Links

Regnal Year Calculator

Convert Roman Numerals

Smart JPEG and PNG compression

Internet Archive






Wikipedia

Portal:England

Portal:Middle Ages

Early modern Britain

Regnal years of English monarchs





British America











Beaufort, John, first Earl of Somerset 

(Dictionary of National Biography)

Beaufort, John, first Earl of Somerset and Marquis of Dorset and of Somerset 1373?-1410, born about 1373, was the eldest son of John of Gaunt [see John, 1340-1399], by his …</description>
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        <description>The Declaration of Arbroath 1320

To the most Holy Father and Lord in Christ, the Lord John, by divine providence Supreme Pontiff of the Holy Roman and Universal Church, his humble and devout sons Duncan, Earl of Fife, Thomas Randolph, Earl of Moray, Lord of Man and of Annandale, Patrick Dunbar, Earl of March, Malise, Earl of Strathearn, Malcolm, Earl of Lennox, William, Earl of Ross, Magnus, Earl of Caithness and Orkney, and William, Earl of Sutherland; Walter, Steward of Scotland, William Soul…</description>
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        <description>England &gt;&gt; Plantagenet



Wars of the Roses: Background

The Wars of the Roses were a series of battles fought between the supporters of the House of Lancaster (Lancastrians - red rose) and the supporters of the House of York (Yorkists - white rose).



Both houses were direct descendents of king</description>
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        <description>Charter of Liberties

1100

Henry, king of the English, to Bishop Samson and Urso de Abetot and all his barons and faithful, both French and English, of [county] greeting.




	*  I, Henry, by the grace of God having been crowned the King of England, shall not take or sell any property from a Church upon the death of a bishop or abbot, until a successor has been named to that Church property. I shall end all the oppressive practices which have been an evil presence in England.</description>
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        <description>England &gt;&gt; Plantagenet


Richard of York - 1411-1460

3rd Duke of York

Born: 21 September 1411

Died: 30 December 1460

Father: Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge

Mother: Anne de Mortimer

Married: Cecily Neville


Issue:

Anne of York 1439-1476

Henry of York 1441, died young</description>
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Chronology of the Wars of the Roses

See here for what is probably the best graphical representation of the relationship between players in the wars.


1450 May-July Jack Cade's Revolt. 1450 August   Return of Richard Duke of York from Ireland. 1451 spring</description>
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Charter of the Forest - 1225

Reissue, with minor amends, of carta de foresta, 6 November 1217.



Confirmed by Edward I, 1299

Edward by the Grace of God, King of England, Lord of Ireland, and Duke of Guyan, to all to whom these presents shall come, sends greeting: we have seen the charter of the Lord Henry our father, sometime King of England, concerning the Forest in these words.</description>
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        <description>England &gt;&gt; Plantagenet



Wars of the Roses: Background

The Wars of the Roses were a series of battles fought between the supporters of the House of Lancaster (Lancastrians - red rose) and the supporters of the House of York (Yorkists - white rose).



Both houses were direct descendants of king</description>
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        <description>Medieval England




High Middle Ages

See map of the Angevin Dominions in the 12th Century.


Angevin England 1154–1214*

Henry II 1154-1189

Richard I 1189-1199

-- William Fitz-Osbert 1196

John 1199-1216

-- William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke


*Battle of Bouvines brings an end to the Angevin empire under King John</description>
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        <description>Beaufort illegitimacy:

John of Gaunt, Edward III's third son, married his mistress Katherine Swynford on the 13th January 1396. Pope Boniface IX issued a Bull in September of that year, acknowledging the marriage and legitimising their four children, each surnamed Beaufort. Richard II further issued letters patent which was confirmed by parliament in February 1397.</description>
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        <dc:date>2018-08-11T20:03:41+00:00</dc:date>
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        <description>England &gt;&gt; Angevin


Henry II

Henry Curtmantle

King of England: 1154 to 1189



Son of Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou and Empress Matilda.

Preceded by: Stephen.

Succeeded by: Richard I.






Henry II and his legitimate children: William, Henry, Richard, Matilda, Geoffrey, Eleanor, Joan and John
[Genealogical Chronicle of the English Kings - Henry II and legitimate children]</description>
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        <title>henry_vii_1457-1509</title>
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        <description>England &gt;&gt; Tudor


Henry VII - 1457-1509

Born: 28 January 1457

Died: 21 April 1509

Father: Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond

Mother: Margaret Beaufort

Married: Elizabeth of York


Issue:

Arthur	1486-1502

Margaret 1489-1541

Henry VIII 1491-1547

Elizabeth 1492-1495, died young</description>
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        <dc:date>2017-12-25T22:44:33+00:00</dc:date>
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        <title>second_barons_war_1264_1267</title>
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        <description>England &gt;&gt; Plantagenet


Second Barons' War 1264–1267



Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester



Battle of Lewes 14 May 1264

Battle of Evesham 4 August 1265



Magna Carta 1215, 1216, 1217, 1225, 1264, and 1297</description>
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