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        <title>Village Idiot's Guide to History</title>
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        <description>The Declaration of Arbroath 1320

To the most Holy Father and Lord in Christ, the Lord John, by divine providence Supreme Pontiff of the Holy Roman and Universal Church, his humble and devout sons Duncan, Earl of Fife, Thomas Randolph, Earl of Moray, Lord of Man and of Annandale, Patrick Dunbar, Earl of March, Malise, Earl of Strathearn, Malcolm, Earl of Lennox, William, Earl of Ross, Magnus, Earl of Caithness and Orkney, and William, Earl of Sutherland; Walter, Steward of Scotland, William Soul…</description>
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        <description>Charter of Liberties

1100

Henry, king of the English, to Bishop Samson and Urso de Abetot and all his barons and faithful, both French and English, of [county] greeting.




	*  I, Henry, by the grace of God having been crowned the King of England, shall not take or sell any property from a Church upon the death of a bishop or abbot, until a successor has been named to that Church property. I shall end all the oppressive practices which have been an evil presence in England.</description>
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        <description>Beaufort illegitimacy:

John of Gaunt, Edward III's third son, married his mistress Katherine Swynford on the 13th January 1396. Pope Boniface IX issued a Bull in September of that year, acknowledging the marriage and legitimising their four children, each surnamed Beaufort. Richard II further issued letters patent which was confirmed by parliament in February 1397.</description>
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        <description>England &gt;&gt; Plantagenet &gt;&gt; First Barons' War

The Great Charter

Magna Carta - 15 June 1215

JOHN, by the grace of God King of England, Lord of Ireland, Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, and Count of Anjou, to his archbishops, bishops, abbots, earls, barons, justices, foresters, sheriffs, stewards, servants, and to all his officials and loyal subjects, Greeting.</description>
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        <description>England &gt;&gt; Plantagenet



Wars of the Roses: Background

The Wars of the Roses were a series of battles fought between the supporters of the House of Lancaster (Lancastrians - red rose) and the supporters of the House of York (Yorkists - white rose).



Both houses were direct descendents of king</description>
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        <description>Lollardy

Sir John Oldcastle




Confession of Sir John Oldcastle

“I believe in God the Father Almighty, maker of heaven and earth: and in Jesus Christ his only son our Lord, which was conceived by the Holy Ghost, born of the Virgin Mary, suffered under Pontius Pilate, crucified, dead, and buried, went down to hell, the third day rose again from death, ascended up to heaven, sitteth on the right hand of God the Father Almighty; and from thence shall come again to judge the quick and the dead. I…</description>
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Charter of the Forest - 1225

Reissue, with minor amends, of carta de foresta, 6 November 1217.



Confirmed by Edward I, 1299

Edward by the Grace of God, King of England, Lord of Ireland, and Duke of Guyan, to all to whom these presents shall come, sends greeting: we have seen the charter of the Lord Henry our father, sometime King of England, concerning the Forest in these words.</description>
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        <title>wars_of_the_roses_background</title>
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        <description>England &gt;&gt; Plantagenet



Wars of the Roses: Background

The Wars of the Roses were a series of battles fought between the supporters of the House of Lancaster (Lancastrians - red rose) and the supporters of the House of York (Yorkists - white rose).



Both houses were direct descendants of king</description>
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Edward III - 1312-1377

Born: 13 November 1312

Died: 21 June 1377

Father: Edward II

Mother: Isabella of France

Married: Philippa of Hainault









king_of_england</description>
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Edward IV - 1442-1483

Born: 28 April 1442

Died: 9 April 1483

Father: Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York

Mother: Cecily Neville

Married: Elizabeth Woodville


Issue:

Elizabeth of York 1466-1503

Mary of York 1467-1482

Cecily of York 1469-1507

Edward V 1470-?1483

Margaret 1472-1472</description>
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Henry VI - 1421-1461

Born: 6 December 1421

Died: 21 May 1471

Father: Henry V

Mother: Catherine of Valois

Married: Margaret of Anjou







edward_iii henry_vi king_of_england wars_of_the_roses lancaster</description>
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        <title>henry_vii_1457-1509</title>
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        <description>England &gt;&gt; Tudor


Henry VII - 1457-1509

Born: 28 January 1457

Died: 21 April 1509

Father: Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond

Mother: Margaret Beaufort

Married: Elizabeth of York


Issue:

Arthur	1486-1502

Margaret 1489-1541

Henry VIII 1491-1547

Elizabeth 1492-1495, died young</description>
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Richard of York - 1411-1460

3rd Duke of York

Born: 21 September 1411

Died: 30 December 1460

Father: Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge

Mother: Anne de Mortimer

Married: Cecily Neville


Issue:

Anne of York 1439-1476

Henry of York 1441, died young</description>
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