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        <title>Village Idiot's Guide to History</title>
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        <description>Beaufort illegitimacy:

John of Gaunt, Edward III's third son, married his mistress Katherine Swynford on the 13th January 1396. Pope Boniface IX issued a Bull in September of that year, acknowledging the marriage and legitimising their four children, each surnamed Beaufort. Richard II further issued letters patent which was confirmed by parliament in February 1397.</description>
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        <description>England &gt;&gt; Plantagenet



Wars of the Roses: Background

The Wars of the Roses were a series of battles fought between the supporters of the House of Lancaster (Lancastrians - red rose) and the supporters of the House of York (Yorkists - white rose).



Both houses were direct descendents of king</description>
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        <description>England &gt;&gt; Plantagenet &gt;&gt; First Barons' War

The Great Charter

Magna Carta - 15 June 1215

JOHN, by the grace of God King of England, Lord of Ireland, Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, and Count of Anjou, to his archbishops, bishops, abbots, earls, barons, justices, foresters, sheriffs, stewards, servants, and to all his officials and loyal subjects, Greeting.</description>
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Rulers of Kent

*Hengest, legendary founder of Kent (*455-88)

*Æsc, legendary ruler of Kent (*488-512)

Irminric, king of Kent ([by c.575] - 581×588)

Æthelberht I, king of Kent (581×588 - 24 February 616)

Eadbald, king of Kent (616 - 20 January 640)</description>
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        <description>England &gt;&gt; Anglo-Saxon &gt;&gt; Kent


Æthelberht I



King of Kent: 581/588 - 24 February 616



[received Augustine] 



First to codify legal statements in Old English rather than Latin.</description>
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Rulers of Northumbria

*Soemel, legendary founder of Deira, great-great-great-grandfather of Ælle

Ælle, king of Deira, ruling in 597, perhaps 30-year reign?

Æthelric, king of Deira for five years after Ælle [then Æthelfrith of Bernicia took over]</description>
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Simon De Montfort

A French born noble, and progenitor of parliamentary democracy...






The sworn confederation of seven barons - April 1258

“We, Richard of Clare, earl of Gloucester and Hertford; Roger Bigod, earl marshal and earl of Norfolk; Simon de Montfort, earl of Leicester; Peter of Savoy; Hugh Bigod; John fitz Geoffrey; and Peter of Montfort make known to all people that we have sworn on the holy gospels, and are held together by this oath, and we promise in…</description>
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Wars of the Roses: Background

The Wars of the Roses were a series of battles fought between the supporters of the House of Lancaster (Lancastrians - red rose) and the supporters of the House of York (Yorkists - white rose).



Both houses were direct descendants of king</description>
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Chronology of the Wars of the Roses

See here for what is probably the best graphical representation of the relationship between players in the wars.


1450 May-July Jack Cade's Revolt. 1450 August   Return of Richard Duke of York from Ireland. 1451 spring</description>
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