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Notification in the Press

[Cover page of The Pennsylvania Gazette, Wednesday 10th July 1776]
Cover page of The Pennsylvania Gazette, Wednesday 10th July 1776</description>
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        <description>England &gt;&gt; Anglo-Saxon


Rulers of Kent

*Hengest, legendary founder of Kent (*455-88)

*Æsc, legendary ruler of Kent (*488-512)

Irminric, king of Kent ([by c.575] - 581×588)

Æthelberht I, king of Kent (581×588 - 24 February 616)

Eadbald, king of Kent (616 - 20 January 640)</description>
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        <description>Medieval England




Early Middle Ages

Anglo-Saxon England c.500–1066



Rulers of East Anglia

Rulers of Mercia

Rulers of Northumbria

Rulers of Kent

Rulers of Essex

Rulers of Wessex





Some key notes leading up to the formation of England as a single entity:



The Heptarchy of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms (East Anglia, Mercia, Northumbria, Kent, Essex, Sussex, and Wessex) had, by the ninth century, been consolidated into four:</description>
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        <description>England &gt;&gt; Plantagenet



Wars of the Roses: Background

The Wars of the Roses were a series of battles fought between the supporters of the House of Lancaster (Lancastrians - red rose) and the supporters of the House of York (Yorkists - white rose).



Both houses were direct descendents of king</description>
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        <description>Useful Links

Regnal Year Calculator

Convert Roman Numerals

Smart JPEG and PNG compression

Internet Archive






Wikipedia

Portal:England

Portal:Middle Ages

Early modern Britain

Regnal years of English monarchs





British America











Beaufort, John, first Earl of Somerset 

(Dictionary of National Biography)

Beaufort, John, first Earl of Somerset and Marquis of Dorset and of Somerset 1373?-1410, born about 1373, was the eldest son of John of Gaunt [see John, 1340-1399], by his …</description>
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Rulers of Mercia

Cearl, king of Mercia in early seventh century

Penda, king of Mercia (626 - 15 November 655 [Battle of Winwæd])

Wulfhere, king of Mercia (658-75)

Æthelred, king of Mercia (675 - 704 [resigned, became a monk])

Coenred, king of Mercia (704-9 [resigned, went to Rome])</description>
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Rulers of Northumbria

*Soemel, legendary founder of Deira, great-great-great-grandfather of Ælle

Ælle, king of Deira, ruling in 597, perhaps 30-year reign?

Æthelric, king of Deira for five years after Ælle [then Æthelfrith of Bernicia took over]</description>
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Chronology of the Wars of the Roses

See here for what is probably the best graphical representation of the relationship between players in the wars.


1450 May-July Jack Cade's Revolt. 1450 August   Return of Richard Duke of York from Ireland. 1451 spring</description>
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