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        <description>Medieval England




Early Middle Ages

Anglo-Saxon England c.500–1066



Rulers of East Anglia

Rulers of Mercia

Rulers of Northumbria

Rulers of Kent

Rulers of Essex

Rulers of Wessex





Some key notes leading up to the formation of England as a single entity:



The Heptarchy of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms (East Anglia, Mercia, Northumbria, Kent, Essex, Sussex, and Wessex) had, by the ninth century, been consolidated into four:</description>
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        <description>The Declaration of Arbroath 1320

To the most Holy Father and Lord in Christ, the Lord John, by divine providence Supreme Pontiff of the Holy Roman and Universal Church, his humble and devout sons Duncan, Earl of Fife, Thomas Randolph, Earl of Moray, Lord of Man and of Annandale, Patrick Dunbar, Earl of March, Malise, Earl of Strathearn, Malcolm, Earl of Lennox, William, Earl of Ross, Magnus, Earl of Caithness and Orkney, and William, Earl of Sutherland; Walter, Steward of Scotland, William Soul…</description>
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        <title>magna_carta_1215-1225</title>
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        <description>England &gt;&gt; Plantagenet &gt;&gt; First Barons' War

The Great Charter

Magna Carta - 15 June 1215

JOHN, by the grace of God King of England, Lord of Ireland, Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, and Count of Anjou, to his archbishops, bishops, abbots, earls, barons, justices, foresters, sheriffs, stewards, servants, and to all his officials and loyal subjects, Greeting.</description>
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        <description>Medieval England




High Middle Ages

See map of the Angevin Dominions in the 12th Century.


Angevin England 1154–1214*

Henry II 1154-1189

Richard I 1189-1199

-- William Fitz-Osbert 1196

John 1199-1216

-- William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke


*Battle of Bouvines brings an end to the Angevin empire under King John</description>
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        <description>Beaufort illegitimacy:

John of Gaunt, Edward III's third son, married his mistress Katherine Swynford on the 13th January 1396. Pope Boniface IX issued a Bull in September of that year, acknowledging the marriage and legitimising their four children, each surnamed Beaufort. Richard II further issued letters patent which was confirmed by parliament in February 1397.</description>
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        <description>England &gt;&gt; Angevin


Henry II

Henry Curtmantle

King of England: 1154 to 1189



Son of Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou and Empress Matilda.

Preceded by: Stephen.

Succeeded by: Richard I.






Henry II and his legitimate children: William, Henry, Richard, Matilda, Geoffrey, Eleanor, Joan and John
[Genealogical Chronicle of the English Kings - Henry II and legitimate children]</description>
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        <description>Wales &gt;&gt; Morgannwg



Morgannwg

Medieval Rulers of Morgannwg

Glywysing

Eugenius, son of Magnus Maximus

Marius, son of Eugenius

Solar, son of Marius

Glywys, son of Solar c.470–c.480, who gave his name to the kingdom.

Gwynllyw, son of Glywys, ruler of Gwynllwg c.480–523, cantref of Glywysing</description>
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        <description>Wales



Gwynedd

Medieval Kings of Gwynedd c.450-1378</description>
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        <title>welcome</title>
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        <description>Welcome to the Village Idiot's Guide to... History

For as long as I can remember, learning about history has completely fascinated me - from old Norman churches to Georgian town-houses, horse-drawn ploughs to medieval chests, peasants to kings, domestic life to battle-field, even half buried mosaic floors to dusty old libraries</description>
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