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        <title>Village Idiot's Guide to History</title>
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        <description>England &gt;&gt; Plantagenet



Wars of the Roses: Background

The Wars of the Roses were a series of battles fought between the supporters of the House of Lancaster (Lancastrians - red rose) and the supporters of the House of York (Yorkists - white rose).



Both houses were direct descendants of king</description>
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Act of Accord 1460



From: “An English Chronicle of the Reigns of Richard II., Henry IV., Henry V., and Henry VI.”

Ed. the Rev. John Silvester Davies, M.A., pub. 1856,  ps.99-106

Available online here at archive.org



Folio 207b

The xxxix. yere of kyng Harry</description>
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        <description>England &gt;&gt; Plantagenet



Wars of the Roses: Background

The Wars of the Roses were a series of battles fought between the supporters of the House of Lancaster (Lancastrians - red rose) and the supporters of the House of York (Yorkists - white rose).



Both houses were direct descendents of king</description>
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        <description>England &gt;&gt; Plantagenet



Chronology of the Wars of the Roses

See here for what is probably the best graphical representation of the relationship between players in the wars.


1450 May-July Jack Cade's Revolt. 1450 August   Return of Richard Duke of York from Ireland. 1451 spring</description>
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        <description>Medieval England

Late Middle Ages

Plantagenet England 1214*-1485

Henry III	1216-1272

-- First Barons' War 1215-1217

-- Charter of the Forest 1225

-- Second Barons' War 1264–1267

Edward I	1272-1307

Edward II	1307-1327

Edward III 1327-1377

-- Edward, the Black Prince 1330-1376

Richard II 1377-1399



*Battle of Bouvines brings an end to the Angevin empire under King John.</description>
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Simon De Montfort

A French born noble, and progenitor of parliamentary democracy...






The sworn confederation of seven barons - April 1258

“We, Richard of Clare, earl of Gloucester and Hertford; Roger Bigod, earl marshal and earl of Norfolk; Simon de Montfort, earl of Leicester; Peter of Savoy; Hugh Bigod; John fitz Geoffrey; and Peter of Montfort make known to all people that we have sworn on the holy gospels, and are held together by this oath, and we promise in…</description>
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        <title>internal_links</title>
        <link>http://villageidiotsguideto.com/history/doku.php?id=internal_links&amp;rev=1575831730&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Useful Links

Regnal Year Calculator

Convert Roman Numerals

Smart JPEG and PNG compression

Internet Archive






Wikipedia

Portal:England

Portal:Middle Ages

Early modern Britain

Regnal years of English monarchs





British America











Beaufort, John, first Earl of Somerset 

(Dictionary of National Biography)

Beaufort, John, first Earl of Somerset and Marquis of Dorset and of Somerset 1373?-1410, born about 1373, was the eldest son of John of Gaunt [see John, 1340-1399], by his …</description>
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        <dc:date>2018-01-12T14:44:01+00:00</dc:date>
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        <title>magna_carta_1215-1225</title>
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        <description>England &gt;&gt; Plantagenet &gt;&gt; First Barons' War

The Great Charter

Magna Carta - 15 June 1215

JOHN, by the grace of God King of England, Lord of Ireland, Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, and Count of Anjou, to his archbishops, bishops, abbots, earls, barons, justices, foresters, sheriffs, stewards, servants, and to all his officials and loyal subjects, Greeting.</description>
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        <description>England &gt;&gt; Angevin


Henry II

Henry Curtmantle

King of England: 1154 to 1189



Son of Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou and Empress Matilda.

Preceded by: Stephen.

Succeeded by: Richard I.






Henry II and his legitimate children: William, Henry, Richard, Matilda, Geoffrey, Eleanor, Joan and John
[Genealogical Chronicle of the English Kings - Henry II and legitimate children]</description>
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Richard of York - 1411-1460

3rd Duke of York

Born: 21 September 1411

Died: 30 December 1460

Father: Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge

Mother: Anne de Mortimer

Married: Cecily Neville


Issue:

Anne of York 1439-1476

Henry of York 1441, died young</description>
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        <description>Medieval England




High Middle Ages

See map of the Angevin Dominions in the 12th Century.


Angevin England 1154–1214*

Henry II 1154-1189

Richard I 1189-1199

-- William Fitz-Osbert 1196

John 1199-1216

-- William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke


*Battle of Bouvines brings an end to the Angevin empire under King John</description>
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        <title>beaufort_illegitimacy</title>
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        <description>Beaufort illegitimacy:

John of Gaunt, Edward III's third son, married his mistress Katherine Swynford on the 13th January 1396. Pope Boniface IX issued a Bull in September of that year, acknowledging the marriage and legitimising their four children, each surnamed Beaufort. Richard II further issued letters patent which was confirmed by parliament in February 1397.</description>
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        <description>England &gt;&gt; Plantagenet


Edward IV - 1442-1483

Born: 28 April 1442

Died: 9 April 1483

Father: Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York

Mother: Cecily Neville

Married: Elizabeth Woodville


Issue:

Elizabeth of York 1466-1503

Mary of York 1467-1482

Cecily of York 1469-1507

Edward V 1470-?1483

Margaret 1472-1472</description>
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        <dc:date>2018-01-01T16:34:03+00:00</dc:date>
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        <title>charter_of_the_forest_1225</title>
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        <description>England &gt;&gt; Plantagenet


Charter of the Forest - 1225

Reissue, with minor amends, of carta de foresta, 6 November 1217.



Confirmed by Edward I, 1299

Edward by the Grace of God, King of England, Lord of Ireland, and Duke of Guyan, to all to whom these presents shall come, sends greeting: we have seen the charter of the Lord Henry our father, sometime King of England, concerning the Forest in these words.</description>
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        <dc:date>2018-01-13T11:24:39+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>stewart_england</title>
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        <description>Modern England




Early Modern

House of Stewart 1707-1649

James I	1603-1625

Charles I	1625-1649



First Bishops' War 1639

Second Bishops' War 1640




Civil War and Interregnum 1649-1659

First Commonwealth 1642–1653

Protectorate of Oliver Cromwell 1653–1658

-- Rule of the Major-Generals 1655-1657</description>
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