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        <description>England &gt;&gt; Plantagenet


Charter of the Forest - 1225

Reissue, with minor amends, of carta de foresta, 6 November 1217.



Confirmed by Edward I, 1299

Edward by the Grace of God, King of England, Lord of Ireland, and Duke of Guyan, to all to whom these presents shall come, sends greeting: we have seen the charter of the Lord Henry our father, sometime King of England, concerning the Forest in these words.</description>
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        <description>England &gt;&gt; Plantagenet



Wars of the Roses: Background

The Wars of the Roses were a series of battles fought between the supporters of the House of Lancaster (Lancastrians - red rose) and the supporters of the House of York (Yorkists - white rose).



Both houses were direct descendents of king</description>
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        <description>Useful Links

Regnal Year Calculator

Convert Roman Numerals

Smart JPEG and PNG compression

Internet Archive






Wikipedia

Portal:England

Portal:Middle Ages

Early modern Britain

Regnal years of English monarchs





British America











Beaufort, John, first Earl of Somerset 

(Dictionary of National Biography)

Beaufort, John, first Earl of Somerset and Marquis of Dorset and of Somerset 1373?-1410, born about 1373, was the eldest son of John of Gaunt [see John, 1340-1399], by his …</description>
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Simon De Montfort

A French born noble, and progenitor of parliamentary democracy...






The sworn confederation of seven barons - April 1258

“We, Richard of Clare, earl of Gloucester and Hertford; Roger Bigod, earl marshal and earl of Norfolk; Simon de Montfort, earl of Leicester; Peter of Savoy; Hugh Bigod; John fitz Geoffrey; and Peter of Montfort make known to all people that we have sworn on the holy gospels, and are held together by this oath, and we promise in…</description>
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Chronology of the Wars of the Roses

See here for what is probably the best graphical representation of the relationship between players in the wars.


1450 May-July Jack Cade's Revolt. 1450 August   Return of Richard Duke of York from Ireland. 1451 spring</description>
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        <description>The Declaration of Arbroath 1320

To the most Holy Father and Lord in Christ, the Lord John, by divine providence Supreme Pontiff of the Holy Roman and Universal Church, his humble and devout sons Duncan, Earl of Fife, Thomas Randolph, Earl of Moray, Lord of Man and of Annandale, Patrick Dunbar, Earl of March, Malise, Earl of Strathearn, Malcolm, Earl of Lennox, William, Earl of Ross, Magnus, Earl of Caithness and Orkney, and William, Earl of Sutherland; Walter, Steward of Scotland, William Soul…</description>
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        <description>Wales &gt;&gt; Gwent



Gwent

Medieval Rulers of Gwent

in Caer-Went

Ynyr ap Dyfnwal ap Ednyfed ap Anwn and his wife-St Madrun ferch Gwerthefyr

Iddon ap Ynyr 480-490

Caradog “Strongarm” ap Ynyr

Meurig ap Caradog and his wife-Dyfwn ferch Glywys

Erbic ap Meurig ?</description>
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        <description>Wales &gt;&gt; Gwynedd



Gwynedd

Medieval Rulers of Gwynedd



Cunedda Wledig ap Edern “Cunedda the Imperator” c.450–c.460

Einion Yrth ap Cunedda “Einion the Impetuous” c.470–c.480

Owain Ddantgwyn Rhos; late 5th century

Cynlas Goch Rhos &amp; St Einion Llŷn ap Owain late 5th and early 6th century</description>
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